Rust is an excellent choice for building complex and reliable applications.
One of the essential skills for developing Rust applications is structuring your projects effectively, including incorporating third-party packages.
Effective project organization is crucial for developing Rust applications.
Rust provides a built-in package manager and other tools for effective code organization and management.
It is similar to other package managers likenpm for Node.jsandpip for Python.
Cargo manages dependencies, compiles code, and generates documentation, making it an essential tool for Rust development.
Run this command to verify your Cargo installation:
The command displays the installed Cargo version.
you’re free to create a new Rust project with thecargo newcommand.
Youll need to specify the project name.
The Rust Package Namespace
Packages and crates are essential components in Rust.
Rust packages follow a naming convention to avoid naming conflicts between packages.
Package names must be globally unique, lowercase, and contain only letters, digits, and hyphens.
If a package name contains multiple words, separate them with hyphens, e.g.hyper-server.
you might access code within a Rust package namespace with theusekeyword followed by the package and crate names.
Heres an example of importing anRngfunction from arandcrate:
you could create multiple namespaces for packages.
In Rust, there can be multiple namespaces for packages.
When you create a folder, you create a new namespace.
To access code from another namespace, you use a dot notation to specify the path to the identifier.
Thefolder1module contains a public functionfolderthat returns a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
Thefolder2module imports thefolderfunction from thefolder1namespace with theusekeyword, allowing thedirectoryfunction to access thefolderfunction from thefolder1module.
Thedirectoryfunction calls thefolderfunction, and the return value is assigned to thefolder_funcvariable.
Youll need to capitalize the name of the identifiers from a package or crate to export them.
When you export an identifier, you make it accessible in other packages that use the code.
Heres an example of a public function that can be exported.
Youll also need to use thepubkeyword.
In Rust, thepubkeyword is short forpublic.
The item is private to its module without the pub keyword and can only be accessed from within it.
Modules allow you to organize code into logical units that are easier to manage and maintain.
it’s possible for you to declare modules with themodkeyword followed by the module name and curly braces.
Modules help prevent naming conflicts, making code more intuitive to understand.
Now, it’s possible for you to call theadd_numbersfunction from other parts of your program.
you’re free to also control the privacy of modules with thepubkeyword on module definitions.
Themy_structvariable is an instance of theMyStructstruct.
The variable dive into the struct with the path separator (::).
Themainfunction prints thesome_fieldfield of the struct with theprintln!macro.
Its easier to tackle bugs and ensure safety in well-organized code that follows the Rust community rules and conventions.
On default, Rust ensures programs are memory safe with a built-in ownership model.
The ownership model ensures memory safety by ensuring that variables in memory have one unique owner.
The ownership model prevents data traces and many types of memory errors.
